Resumo: O conhecimento do campo de gravidade da Terra e suas variações temporais é o objetivo principal das missões de campo de gravidade dedicadas CHAMP, GRACE e GOCE. Desde então, vários modelos geopotenciais globais (GGMs) foram lançados. Este artigo usa os níveis de geoide derivados de modelos geopotenciais globais para analisar as características corticais da estrutura de Tandilia, que se supõe estar no equilíbrio isostático. As alturas do geoide são adequadamente filtradas para que a estrutura se torne aparente como uma altura residual de geoide. Supondo que a estrutura geológica esteja em equilíbrio isostático, a altura residual do geoide pode ser assimilada e comparada com a altura do geoostato isostático gerada a partir de uma crosta compensada isostática. A altura residual de geoide foi obtida a partir dos modelos geopotenciais globais EGM2008 e EIGEN-6C4, respectivamente. O geóide isostático foi calculado utilizando os parâmetros corticais dos modelos crustais globais GEMMA e CRUST 1.0 e dos parâmetros locais determinados na área estudada. Os resultados obtidos deixam claro que a altura do geoide isostático pode se tornar apropriada para validar modelos crustais se as estruturas analisadas mostrarem evidências de estar em equilíbrio isostático.

Abstract: The knowledge of the Earth's gravity field and its temporal variations is the main goal of the dedicated gravity field missions CHAMP, GRACE and GOCE. Since then, several global geopotential models (GGMs) have been released. This paper uses geoid heights derived from global geopotential models to analyze the cortical features of the Tandilia structure which is assumed to be in isostatic equilibrium. The geoid heights are suitably filtered so that the structure becomes apparent as a residual geoid height. Assuming that the geological structure is in isostatic equilibrium, the residual geoid height can be assimilated and compared to the isostatic geoid height generated from an isostatically compensated crust. The residual geoid height was obtained from the EGM2008 and the EIGEN-6C4 global geopotential models, respectively. The isostatic geoid was computed using the cortical parameters from the global crustal models GEMMA and CRUST 1.0 and from local parameters determined in the area under study. The obtained results make it clear that the isostatic geoid height might become appropriate to validate crustal models if the structures analyzed show evidence of being in isostatic equilibrium.

OBJECTIVE: To adapt and validate in Spanish of Mexico scales to measure self-efficacy (SES) and empowerment for self-care (ES) among climacteric women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted from February to July 2011 in two family medicine clinics in Mexico City. The adaptation phase was done through testing for language comprehension. To validate the scales we used the principal Axis factoring analysis with oblique rotation technique and estimation of Cronbach's alpha (CA). RESULTS: Three hundred eighty women aged 45-59 years participated in the study. SES had 16 items with four factors: participation in the doctor-patient relationship; in the study control of mental health and sexual changes; risk of dying from cancer, and other health risks that explained 39.8% of the variability, CA= 0.84. ES had eight items with one factor explaining 47.1% variability; CA= 0.83. CONCLUSION: Both scales had acceptable psychometric properties and are suitable for interventions aimed at improving self-care of climacteric women.

OBJETIVO: Adaptar y validar en español de México dos escalas: autoeficacia (EAE) y empoderamiento (EE) durante el climaterio. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: El estudio se realizó de febrero a julio de 2011, en dos clínicas de medicina familiar en la Ciudad de México. Adaptación a través de pruebas piloto para comprensión lingüística; validación de constructo mediante análisis de factores con factorización del eje principal y rotación oblimin; estimación de la consistencia interna mediante alfa de Cronbach (AC). RESULTADOS: Participaron 380 mujeres de 45 a 59 años. EAE tenía 16 reactivos con cuatro factores: participación en la relación médico-paciente; control sobre salud mental y cambios sexuales; riesgo de morir de cáncer y otros riesgos de salud, que explicaron 39.8% de variabilidad; AC= 0.84. EE: ocho reactivos con un factor que explicó 47.1% de variabilidad; AC= 0.83. CONCLUSIÓN: Ambas escalas poseen características psicométricas aceptables para utilizarlas en intervenciones para mejorar el autocuidado de la salud durante el climaterio.

OBJECTIVE: To adapt and validate in Spanish of Mexico scales to measure self-efficacy (SES) and empowerment for self-care (ES) among climacteric women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted from February to July 2011 in two family medicine clinics in Mexico City. The adaptation phase was done through testing for language comprehension. To validate the scales we used the principal Axis factoring analysis with oblique rotation technique and estimation of Cronbach's alpha (CA). RESULTS: Three hundred eighty women aged 45-59 years participated in the study. SES had 16 items with four factors: participation in the doctor-patient relationship; in the study control of mental health and sexual changes; risk of dying from cancer, and other health risks that explained 39.8% of the variability, CA= 0.84. ES had eight items with one factor explaining 47.1% variability; CA= 0.83. CONCLUSION: Both scales had acceptable psychometric properties and are suitable for interventions aimed at improving self-care of climacteric women.

OBJETIVO: Adaptar y validar en español de México dos escalas: autoeficacia (EAE) y empoderamiento (EE) durante el climaterio. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: El estudio se realizó de febrero a julio de 2011, en dos clínicas de medicina familiar en la Ciudad de México. Adaptación a través de pruebas piloto para comprensión lingüística; validación de constructo mediante análisis de factores con factorización del eje principal y rotación oblimin; estimación de la consistencia interna mediante alfa de Cronbach (AC). RESULTADOS: Participaron 380 mujeres de 45 a 59 años. EAE tenía 16 reactivos con cuatro factores: participación en la relación médico-paciente; control sobre salud mental y cambios sexuales; riesgo de morir de cáncer y otros riesgos de salud, que explicaron 39.8% de variabilidad; AC= 0.84. EE: ocho reactivos con un factor que explicó 47.1% de variabilidad; AC= 0.83. CONCLUSIÓN: Ambas escalas poseen características psicométricas aceptables para utilizarlas en intervenciones para mejorar el autocuidado de la salud durante el climaterio.

Since its introduction two decades ago, the isolated brain stem-spinal cord preparation of neonatal rodents has been the preferred method used to reveal the mystery underlying the genesis of the respiratory rhythm. Little research using this in vitro approach has focused on the study of the central respiratory chemosensitivity. Some unexpected findings obtained with the brain stem-spinal cord preparation have added new questions that challenge our previous theoretic framework. Some of these findings are addressed here.